The International Space Station (ISS) (in English, International Space Station or ISS) is a center research that is being built in orbit. The project involves five space agencies: NASA's (United States), the Russian Federal Space Agency (Russia), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (Japan), the Canadian Space Agency (Canada) and European Space Agency (ESA). It is considered one of the greatest achievements of engineering. The Brazilian Space Agency (Brazil) participates through a separate contract with NASA. The Italian Space Agency similarly has separate contracts for various activities not done in the context of the work of the ESA in the ISS (where Italy also fully participates).
The space station is located in orbit around Earth at an altitude of approximately 360 kilometers, a type of low earth orbit. The actual height varies over time due to several kilometers to friction and repeated air propulsion). Make an orbit around the Earth in a period of about 92 minutes by June 2005 had completed more than 37,500 orbits since the launch of the Zarya module on 20 November 1998.
In many ways the ISS represents a merger of the previously planned space stations, the Mir-2 from Russia, the U.S. space station Freedom, the planned European Columbus module and the JEM (Japanese Experiment Module).
Thanks to the ISS, there is a permanent human presence in space, because there has always been at least two people on board the ISS since the first permanent team entered at the ISS on November 2, 2000. The station is maintained primarily by the Soyuz, Progress spacecraft and the Space Shuttle. The ISS is still, to February 2010, under construction, with a projected date of completion throughout 2010. In its early days, the station had a capacity for a crew of three astronauts, but since the arrival of Expedition 20, was ready to support a crew of six astronauts. Before the arrival of the German astronaut Thomas Reiter, ESA, which joins the Expedition 13 team in July 2006 - all permanent astronauts belonged to the Russian space program, American or Canadian. The ISS, however, has been visited by astronauts from sixteen countries and was also the destination of the first six space tourists.
Overall, we can say that the International Space Station is a giant Meccano set in orbit around the Earth at 386 km, approximately 108 m in length over 88 m in width and a mass of about 415 tons when completed in 2010. With a habitable volume of about 938 m3, exceed in complexity and far, all that was conceived to date. You can permanently accommodate seven astronauts who will be going and relate according to the demands of the missions. His power will be supplied by solar panels largest ever constructed, a power of 110 kW.
Feature Summary 2010:
- Width: 108 m.
- Length: 74 m.
- Weight: 420 t.
- Number of people who will man: 6 in principle.
- Lab: 4 for now.
- Living space: 1,200 m³.
- Speed: 29,000 km / h.
The history of the ISS began on November 20, 1998, when the Russian Proton rocket placed in orbit on the Russian Zarya module designed to equip the space station early power and propulsion. Months later, NASA put in orbit the Unity node through its ferry Space Shuttle Endeavour.
Solar Panels InternacionalEl Space Station July 12, 2000 was added the Russian service module Zvezda (pronounced / zviozda /) which provided the vital support systems and prepared the station to receive its first astronauts. On October 11, 2000 was added on the Unity node Z1 STI integrated structure enabling communication with Earth. On November 2, come the first crew aboard a Soyuz launched on October 31, 2000. A month after the first module was added photovoltaic solar energy provided throughout the season.
The following year came to the space station lab More importantly, the Destiny, American-made. It was docked at the station on February 7, 2001 by the shuttle Atlantis. On April 19, 2001 was placed the first arm of the ISS, Canadian manufacturing. With the SSRMS arm also reached a small module Italian and a UHF antenna. On 12 July the same year he added a decompression chamber so that the crew could leave the space station and take the first spacewalks. On September 14, 2001 added a Russian docking module with a decompression chamber.
On April 8, 2002 docked the central segment of the future ITS S0 frame 91 meters that will support large solar panels on the ends of the ISS. Canadian SSRMS arm was placed in the Destiny module was transferred to the central segment ITS S0 June 5 that year. On October 7, was placed on the starboard ITS S1 segment of the frame of the station. The main frame was completed on November 23, 2002 to ITS P1 segment port.
On February 27, 2004, crew members Michael Foale and Alexander Kaleri performed the first spacewalk involving the entire crew. Most of the objectives of the trip, including the installation of external equipment, were achieved before the mission was aborted due to a cooling problem in HL Kalery suit.
On July 28, 2005 arrived at the station cargo module Raffaello Italian through the space shuttle Discovery from NASA.
On June 27, 2006 a piece of debris that was subsequently identified as U.S. military satellite Hitch Hiker 1 launched in 1963 and decommissioned, spent about 2 kilometers from the ISS (It moves around 7 , 7 km / s). This event triggered an alarm and began preparations for an emergency evacuation of the ISS. This approach was monitored by Russian technicians CCVE NASA Center in Houston, and concluded without incident. It was estimated the piece of space junk had a mass of 79 kilos.
On July 7, 2006 the shuttle Discovery docked with the ISS successfully. Among the crew of Discovery was the German astronaut Thomas Reiter who along with American Jeff Williams and Pavel Vinogradov of Russia are permanent crew of the orbiting complex. With the arrival of ESA astronaut goes from station a permanent crew of two astronauts to 3.
On June 8, 2007, the shuttle Atlantis (STS-117) party to the International Space Station to install a new solar panels, task undertaken successfully. On day 10 detected a crack in the thermal cover Shuttle Atlantis to be repaired in flight. On day 14 there is a serious computer failure left without water, light and guidance capability to the space station. In the worst case, it should be evicted but the bug is fixed and the systems return to normal.
17 June 2007, astronaut Sunita Williams becomes the longest women often have been in space, completing 188 days and 4 hours off our planet.
On October 23, 2007 gave the Italian-built Harmony module and restructure a part of preparing for future station assembly missions. weighing almost 16 tonnes and serve as a gateway for European and Japanese laboratories.
In February 2008 he added the European Columbus module and the shuttle Discovery in June again visited the International Space Station and added new components, which highlights the expected Kibo Laboratory Science.
On March 15, 2009 were added to four sets of solar panels to the ISS as to accommodate more crew members inside.
Source: Wikipedia
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